Which of the following is NOT listed as an ethical principle for PRA/PRAP?

Which of the following is NOT listed as an ethical principle for PRA/PRAP?

• A. Providing financial compensation to participants.
• B. Obtaining voluntary and informed consent.
• C. Ensuring anonymity and confidentiality.
• D. Ensuring research will not harm participants.

Answer: (A)

In PRA/PRAP ethics, the core requirements focus on how participants are treated: they must participate voluntarily and with informed consent, their privacy should be protected through anonymity and confidentiality, and the research should avoid causing harm. Providing financial compensation to participants isn’t listed as a fundamental ethical principle. It can be offered as reimbursement or an incentive, but it’s not a core principle in itself and can raise concerns about undue influence if not handled carefully. The other principles—voluntary and informed consent, anonymity/confidentiality, and avoiding harm—are the foundational safeguards for participants, which is why the option describing compensation is the one that isn’t listed as a core ethical principle.

In PRA/PRAP ethics, the core requirements focus on how participants are treated: they must participate voluntarily and with informed consent, their privacy should be protected through anonymity and confidentiality, and the research should avoid causing harm. Providing financial compensation to participants isn’t listed as a fundamental ethical principle. It can be offered as reimbursement or an incentive, but it’s not a core principle in itself and can raise concerns about undue influence if not handled carefully. The other principles—voluntary and informed consent, anonymity/confidentiality, and avoiding harm—are the foundational safeguards for participants, which is why the option describing compensation is the one that isn’t listed as a core ethical principle.